Groupthink Essay -- essays research papers

GroupthinkWhat is crowdthink? There is a simple definition for it, just is it truly that simple? The term free radicalthink refers to the careen of group appendages to have the same opinions and beliefs it frequently leads to mistakes. It often occurs without an idiosyncratic being aware of it. Conflict is considered to be a harmful element when related to groups, but conflict is good when considering groupthink because it helps to eliminate the existence of a groupthink. The explanation sounds simple enough, but it is more complex than the description given.There are eight symptoms of groupthink. The source symptom is when all or most of the group view themselves as invincible which causes them to make decisions that may be risky. The group has an enormous amount of pledge and authority in their decisions as well as in themselves. They see themselves collectively better in all ways than any other group and they believe the event will go well not because of what it is, but be cause they are involved. The second symptom is the belief of the group that they are moral and upstanding, which leads the group to ignore the ethical or moral consequences of the decisions. The group engages in a total overestimation of its morality. There is never any question that the group is not doing the right thing, they just act. The disregarding of information or warnings that may lead to changes in past policy is the third symptom. Even if there is considerable yard against their standpoint, they see no problems with their plan. Stereotyping of enemy leaders or others as weak or stupid is the fourth symptom. This symptom leads to close-mindedness to other individuals and their opinions. The fifth symptom is the self-censorship of an individual causing him to overlook his doubts. A group member basically keeps his mouth shut so the group can continue in harmony. Symptom list six refers to the illusion of unanimity going along with the majority, and the assumption that sile nce signifies consent. Sometimes a group member who questions the rightness of the goals is pressured by others into concurring or agreeing, this is symptom number seven. The last symptom is the members that set themselves up as a buffer to protect the group from adverse information that may put down their shared contentment regarding the groups ... ... that areas of expertise can be exploited, different people are good at different things. Groups can talk over material, and that discussion can improve the quality of the decision. Groups are less credibly to suffer from judgmental biases that individuals have when they make decisions. People are more likely to follow through on decisions made by groups that they are connected to. Also, more monumental decisions can be made in groups, because one member will not be singled out for blame, making the entire group responsible.Groups however, do not always make good decisions. Juries sometimes render verdicts that perish against the evidence presented. Groups tend to fail to adequately determine their objectives and alternatives, fail to assess the risks associated with the groups decision, fail to cycle through discarded alternatives and to reexamine their cost after a majority of the group discards the alternative, fail to seek expert advice, select and use only information that supports their position and conclusions, and does not make fortuity plans in case their decision and resulting actions fail. Many times peoples lives are affected and little thought or care is put into it.

Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye :: essays research papers

Holden Caulfield can be analyzed through his thoughts, actions and circumstances which surround his everyday life. Holden acts like a fearless teenager. Holden has been to several prep-schools, all of which he got kicked out of for failing classes. After being kicked out of the latest, Pency Prep, he went off to New York on his own. Holden seems to have a motivation hassle which apparently affects his reasoning. The basis of his reasoning comes from his thoughts. Holden thinks the world is full of a bunch of phonies. All his toughs about people he meets are negative. The single good thoughts he has are about his sister Phoebe and his dead brother Alley. Holden, perhaps, wishes that everyone, including himself, should be like his brother and sister. That is to be intelligent, real and loving. Holdens problem is with his heart. It was broken when his brother died. Now Holden goes around the world as his fake self, wearing his mask. Holden is looking for love, peace and understandin g. He is scared to love because he is afraid(predicate) he might lose it like he did with his brother. That is the reason for Holdens love of the museum, he feels safe because it never changes it always stays the same. Holden is troubled with the pain of death, it effectuate every aspect of his life causing him to not care about the future, himself or anyone, except Phoebe and Alley.The theme of alienation is demonstrated by Holden. He alienates himself from the world because he fears change and false people, he wants love and security. Holden alienates himself from all the changes that occur around him. Holden isolated himself when he didnt go down to the seats for the nett football game at Pency. He isolates himself because he gets kicked out of all the schools he goes to. All those changes scare Holden off, he becomes afraid to feel secure. Holden also alienates himself because he trusts no one, he thinks everybody is phony. When Holden was in a bar and he lied and said he had to go, just to not talk to his brothers old girl booster amplifier Holden thought she was annoying and left the bar even though he didnt feel like it. Holden is also alienated by his inability to love. Holden seems not to care about his old girlfriend Sally, he told her he loved her but he didnt mean it.

Energy Bars: Balance Bar Versus Power Bar :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

The equilibrise break and Power Bar are both energy bars currently on the market. These twain bars, despite their largely different carbohydrate, fat and protein contents, performed remarkably similarly in insulin level auditions conducted by Steven Hertzler and Yeonsoo Kim of Ohio State University. Post meal studies have found that test subjects who consumed the Balance Bar exhibited a similar pattern of insulin level increase over time as subjects who consumed the Power Bar did. These test results go opposition to expectations. The Power Bar and Balance Bar, due to their relatively different purposes, are quite different in nutritional content. Because of the Power Bars focalise on supplying quick energy to athletes, it contains a large amount of easily absorbable carbohydrates and very little protein or fat, which take much semipermanent to digest. The Balance Bar, on the other hand, attempts to maintain a 403030 ratio of carbohydrates to fats to proteins. This ratio of nu trients is set in order to adhere to the zona theory of weight loss. Side by side, the differences are clear. Of the 60 grams in a Power Bar, 38.8 grams (about 65 percent) were composed of carbohydrates, a large contrast to the 26.4 grams (about 44 percent) of carbohydrates present in a similar 60 gram Balance Bar. In addition, while the Power bar has only 9.2 grams of protein, the Balance Bar has well double that amount, containing a much higher 16.8 grams. Fat content follows this same trend, with the Power Bars 2.3 grams almost tripled by the Balance Bars 7.3 grams. Because of the nutritional findings, scientists expected the post-prandial (after a meal) levels of insulin to appear quite different from each other. Because insulin levels have often been found in correlation to carbohydrate levels, researchers were expecting to find such(prenominal) a difference in their insulin concentration results. In addition, because the body can convert carbohydrates into energy more readily , a subject who consumed a Power Bar would be expected to have an insulin increase and eventual decrease much faster than a subject who consumed a Balance Bar would. While the two energy bars have very different compositions, laboratory tests appear to show very little difference in their effects on insulin production. In a 120-minute analysis of insulin levels after 15-minute intervals, both bars revealed a common trend. 15 minutes after consumption of the bars, both Power Bar and Balance Bar test subjects had approximately

Age of reason Essay -- essays research papers

The Age of modestness was a period in time during the eighteenth century in Europe and America when man become enlightened by causation, science, and humanity. The people involved with the Age of Reason were convinced that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, the natural rights of mankind, and the progress in knowledge. Each philosopher had his own ideas and theories about the world, nature, and human beings in general, and every philosopher wrote numerous essays and books about their own own(prenominal) ideas and opinions (Sartre4). David Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 7, 1711. Educated at home and then at the University of Edinburgh here he studies law but then decides to engage an independent study of his own ideas (Sartre 132).     From 1734 to 1737 Hume was busy writing his book, A Treatise of Human Nature, which talked about the problems of fancyful philosophy (Hampshire 105). However, the public ignored this impo rtant piece of graze making Hume feel like he was "dead-born." After this horrible reaction to A Treatise of Human Nature Hume went back home where he started thinking more(prenominal) about ethics and political economy. Along with these thoughts Hume wrote books expressing how he felt about these subjects (Snyder34). Essay Moral and Political was one book that enclosed an essay create verbally by Hume dealing with ethics and political economy. Hume felt that ethical thinking was the idea of knowing right from wrong and comes about from ones own self-happiness. Benevolence was the biggest clean good as far as Hume was concerned. The unselfish understanding of anybody or anythings general welfare was very important to David Hume. Aside from that, Hume also had a keen influence in the development of skepticism and empiricism, which are two schools of philosophy (Snyder 45). David Humes greatest influences were British philosophers John Locke and Bishop George Berkeley. Hu me was able to find the differences in reason and principal just like Berkeley, but Hume took his findings to another level. Hume was able to prove that reason and rational judgment are nothing more than usual associations of an individuals prior knowledge. (Hampshire, 115) David Hume contributed many excellent points and ideas about ethics, political economy, skepticism and empiricism, and wrote many good pieces of literature about his idea... ...).Philosopher, Friedrich Schleiermacher, had ideas dealing with a more religious aspect (Sartre 57). He believed that holiness was the feeling of absolute dependence on a person. He also stated that sins were a result of the inability to make a difference in the midst of a dependence of God and the earth world (Hampshire, 170).     There were many intelligent men all over the world that sat down and thought about extremely meaningful things during the Age of Reason. Their ideas and opinions are still talked about. T hese men are just a few of the hundreds that contributed to the age of reason whether it is a minuscule contribution or an enormous one. Either way, the different aspects of these men have allowed people in modern times to voice their opinion and not be afraid to try, just like these men have.Works CitiedHampshire, Stuart. The Age of Reason The Seventeenth Century Philosophers. Ayer Company Publishers, Inc. 1977Paine, Thomas. The Age of Reason. Carol Publishing Group, 1977.Sartre, Jean-Paul. The Age of Reason Vol. 1. Trans. Eric Sutton. Vintage Books, 1973.Snyder, Louis Leo. The Age of Reason. Krieger Publishing Company, 1979.

Terry Tempest Williams’ Refuge Essay -- Terry Williams Refuge Essays

Terry Tempest Williams RefugeAdaptation is the source and story of a species survival. compassionate beings journey across and family of the earths surfaces demanded resilience to change. As a result each race is a product of the down in which they inhabited. We sustain grown with the land. Our physical traits tie us to a segmenticular region, a particular place, scarcely what of our emotions? Are they another link to our homelands or do they orphan us, forcing us to test refuge? Terry Tempest Williams Refuge, is the story of her adaptation to change, her struggle to weather changes. The emotional maturity of her kind with the Great salt Lake is a subset of her wider communitys relationship to their homeland. This emotional separation from the land is char get a lengthyistic of modern societies, not the archaic ones. For a Native American people like the Sevier-Fremont, the land is ---. In order to successful adapt to the changes in her career, Williams combines the prese nt day idea of ownership of the land with the Sevier-Fremont peoples deterrent example of reaction to changes in the land to form the skills necessary for her survival.In 1982 the Great Salt Lake had begun to rise once more and Williams mothers cancer had returned. As naturalist-in-residence at the Utah Museum of congenital History, she was interested in the effect this rise in the lake would have on the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge as well as the measures implement by the state to control this unprecedented rise. The Great Salt Lake preserved many of Williams childhood memories in its briny waters. Its come up waters threatened to end everything that had grown from it and depended on its stability. Williams believed that left on its own the lake would right itself. ... ...d and selflessly relinquishes her mother to death. She comes to realize the cycles involved in life and enters a new relationship with her mother and the Great Basin. Her mother although shes dead is alw ays with her and the Great Basin has now become her home. In an act of civil disobedience Williams goes to protestation at a testing site armed with her pen and paper. Wlliams shows her understanding of the natural cycle of death by going an injured bird she could have saved to be with her dying mother. Terry Tempest Williams Refuge is an illustration of human beings deteriorated relationship with nature. Nature is no longer our life source but something for us to own and control. Although we might recognize its life giving potential we do not see it as part of ourselves in that whether we were molded from its cadaver or evolved from bacteria. We grew from the earth. Terry Tempest Williams Refuge Essay -- Terry Williams Refuge EssaysTerry Tempest Williams RefugeAdaptation is the source and story of a species survival. Human beings journey across and habitation of the earths surfaces demanded resilience to change. As a result each race is a product of the land in w hich they inhabited. We have grown with the land. Our physical traits tie us to a particular region, a particular place, but what of our emotions? Are they another link to our homelands or do they orphan us, forcing us to seek refuge? Terry Tempest Williams Refuge, is the story of her adaptation to change, her struggle to weather changes. The emotional maturity of her relationship with the Great Salt Lake is a subset of her wider communitys relationship to their homeland. This emotional separation from the land is characteristic of modern societies, not the archaic ones. For a Native American tribe like the Sevier-Fremont, the land is ---. In order to successful adapt to the changes in her life, Williams combines the present day idea of ownership of the land with the Sevier-Fremont peoples example of reaction to changes in the land to form the skills necessary for her survival.In 1982 the Great Salt Lake had begun to rise once more and Williams mothers cancer had returned. As natura list-in-residence at the Utah Museum of Natural History, she was interested in the effect this rise in the lake would have on the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge as well as the measures implemented by the state to control this unprecedented rise. The Great Salt Lake preserved many of Williams childhood memories in its briny waters. Its rising waters threatened to destroy everything that had grown from it and depended on its stability. Williams believed that left on its own the lake would right itself. ... ...d and selflessly relinquishes her mother to death. She comes to realize the cycles involved in life and enters a new relationship with her mother and the Great Basin. Her mother although shes dead is always with her and the Great Basin has now become her home. In an act of civil disobedience Williams goes to protest at a testing site armed with her pen and paper. Wlliams shows her understanding of the natural cycle of death by leaving an injured bird she could have saved to be with her dying mother. Terry Tempest Williams Refuge is an illustration of human beings deteriorated relationship with nature. Nature is no longer our life source but something for us to own and control. Although we might recognize its life giving potential we do not see it as part of ourselves in that whether we were molded from its clay or evolved from bacteria. We grew from the earth.

Essay --

Mrs. KasperAP Literature10 February 2014Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom, urged Aristotle. Wisdom contains many qualities that are valuable to have. These qualities are experience, cheatledge, and good judgment. These traits and abilities are essential in insight and understanding that attribute to an effective person. Wisdom is a virtue that develops as atomic number 53 is able to learn from experiences and mistakes. However, the wisdom that Aristotle believed in went beyond the amount wisdom of being able to understand concepts or have insight different from others. The wisdom Aristotle believed in was practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is the ability to do the right thing, at the right time, for the right intent. According to Aristotle, this virtue is what makes all the other virtues a possibility. It is practical wisdom that gives one the ability to change ones flaws because it is a characteristic that is bound with operation and reason. It is the ability to ha ve the information and pass it correctly. Along with the ability of understanding others, also comes self-awareness, and with the ability to oblige action, one can develop and change for the better. In the novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, Charlotte Lucas possesses limited self-awareness she is aware of the consequences that can come from her choices, but doesnt choose to apply action for her own self-contentment. Mr. Bennet is also aware at times of his behavior, which is evident through his intelligence and wit, but doesnt choose to take action, wherefore lacking practical wisdom. Through the various conversations and narrations, Austen takes a resolute stand about the need for men to not only understand others, but to know oneself enough to turn we... ...ove his lack of responsible action, and Charlotte Lucass inability to take action on achieving contentment, serve as character foils to Elizabeth, illuminating her ability to respect her mistakes and take action fo r the better good. Bennet dismissed his chance to change not because he couldnt, but because he did not want to. Although he was an agile man, it does no good to be smart if one cannot apply intelligence towards self-awareness and towards applying action in turning foibles into strengths Charlotte, also an intelligent character, failed to apply a eternal sleep of reasoning and action in her decision, sacrificing a lifetime of happiness for comfort and economic stability. Therein lies the value of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice It emphasizes that in life, self-awareness is nothing, unless action and reasoning are used in every opportunity to change.

Essay --

Mrs. KasperAP Literature10 February 2014Knowing yourself is the beginning of all learning, urged Aristotle. Wisdom contains many qualities that are valuable to have. These qualities are experience, knowledge, and proper judgment. These traits and abilities are essential in insight and ground that attri entirelye to an effective person. Wisdom is a virtue that develops as i is able to learn from experiences and mistakes. However, the wisdom that Aristotle believed in went beyond the average wisdom of being able to understand concepts or have insight different from others. The wisdom Aristotle believed in was practical wisdom. hard-nosed wisdom is the ability to do the right thing, at the right time, for the right intent. According to Aristotle, this virtue is what makes all the other virtues a possibility. It is practical wisdom that gives one the ability to change ones flaws because it is a vulcanized fiberistic that is bound with action and reason. It is the ability to have the information and apply it correctly. Along with the ability of understanding others, also comes self-awareness, and with the ability to apply action, one can develop and change for the better. In the novel, superciliousness and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, Charlotte Lucas possesses limited self-awareness she is aware of the consequences that can come from her choices, but doesnt choose to apply action for her own self-contentment. Mr. Bennet is also aware at times of his behavior, which is evident through his intelligence and wit, but doesnt choose to take action, therefore lacking practical wisdom. Through the various conversations and narrations, Austen takes a resolute stand about the need for men to non just now understand others, but to know oneself enough to turn we... ...ove his lack of responsible action, and Charlotte Lucass inability to take action on achieving contentment, serve as character foils to Elizabeth, illuminating her ability to evaluate her mistakes and take action for the better good. Bennet dismissed his chance to change not because he couldnt, but because he did not want to. Although he was an natural man, it does no good to be smart if one cannot apply intelligence towards self-awareness and towards applying action in turning foibles into strengths Charlotte, also an intelligent character, failed to apply a balance of reasoning and action in her decision, sacrificing a lifetime of happiness for comfort and economic stability. Therein lies the value of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice It emphasizes that in life, self-awareness is nothing, unless action and reasoning are used in every opportunity to change.